CHAPTER 06 / 12 v4.3 新增

罕见鸟指数 Rarity Index

基于 GBIF 全球观察数据的 0–100 分罕见度系统——五级分级图标、详情面板展示，以及 GBIF 指数与 IUCN 保护等级的本质区别。 A 0–100 rarity score derived from GBIF global observation data — five-tier glyphs, detail panel display, and the key difference between GBIF rarity and IUCN conservation status.

6.1

GBIF 指数说明 What is GBIF Rarity

GBIF（Global Biodiversity Information Facility，全球生物多样性信息设施）是全球最大的开放生物多样性数据库，汇集了来自世界各地观察者上传的数十亿条物种记录。SuperPicky 慧眼选鸟 v4.3 基于 GBIF 开放数据集，为每个可识别鸟种预先计算了一个 0–100 的全球罕见度分数： GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility) is the world's largest open biodiversity database, aggregating billions of species observations from contributors worldwide. SuperPicky 慧眼选鸟 v4.3 uses GBIF open data to pre-compute a 0–100 global rarity score for every identifiable bird species:

  • 原理 分数来自该鸟种在全球范围内的 GBIF 观察记录频率——分数越高，说明记录越少，越难被遇到和拍到 The score reflects how frequently the species appears in GBIF records globally — higher score means fewer records, harder to encounter and photograph
  • 查询方式 处理时本地查询内置数据库，无需联网，不影响处理速度 Looked up from the bundled local database during processing — no network access required, no impact on processing speed
  • 触发条件 仅在识鸟开关开启（见第 03 章 3.6）且成功识别鸟种后才会显示和写入 EXIF Only computed and written to EXIF when the Bird ID toggle is on (see Chapter 03, Section 3.6) and a species is successfully identified
  • 人工校正 极少数因分类学拆分或学名变更导致 GBIF 数据失真的鸟种，SuperPicky 慧眼选鸟 内置了人工校正表进行修正，确保分数合理 A small number of species with distorted GBIF data (due to taxonomic splits or name changes) are corrected via a built-in override table, ensuring scores remain reasonable
这是全球指数 This is a global index

罕见度分数反映的是全球观察频率，而非某一地区的本地难度。同一鸟种在不同地区对摄影师的实际难易程度可能有差异，但当前版本统一使用全球指数。 The rarity score reflects global observation frequency, not difficulty in any particular region. The same species may be easier or harder to encounter depending on where you are, but the current version uses a single global index for all users.

6.2

五级分级 5-Tier System

罕见度分数映射为 5 个等级，用 Unicode 圆形充填图标表达，颜色由灰到红逐级加深： The rarity score maps to 5 tiers, each represented by a Unicode circle fill glyph and a color that darkens from gray to red:

常见 / Common Common 0 – 7 真正的街边鸟——随时随地能见到，如家麻雀、白头鹎、戴胜 True everyday birds — seen anywhere, anytime (house sparrows, bulbuls, etc.)
能见 / Occasional Occasional 8 – 24 专程去合适的栖息地能见到，如澳洲花园鸟、中国湿地常见种 Findable with effort at the right habitat — Australian garden birds, common wetland species
少见 / Uncommon Uncommon 25 – 49 需要专程寻找，不是随便出门就能遇到的 Requires a dedicated search — won't turn up on a casual outing
罕见 / Rare Rare 50 – 74 需要远途加耐心等待，能拍到是值得记录的成就 Requires travel and patience — getting a shot is a notable achievement
传奇 / Legendary Legendary 75 – 100 一生一遇——极度局地分布或极难观察，全球记录极稀少 Once-in-a-lifetime — highly localised or extremely elusive; very few global records
为什么「常见」段只到 7 分？ Why does "Common" end at 7?

阈值是非均匀设计的，刻意把「常见」档收紧到真正的街边鸟，避免和「努力能找到」的鸟混在同一档。这样各档位对摄影师来说更有意义，不会让大量城郊常见鸟把「常见」档撑得过宽。 The thresholds are deliberately non-uniform, keeping "Common" tight to genuine everyday birds and preventing the tier from becoming too broad. This makes each level more meaningful to a photographer rather than having most species cluster at the common end.

第 2 档用「能见」而不是「偶见」，是因为中文里「偶见」和「少见」语义接近，容易和第 3 档产生歧义。「能见」更准确地表达「专程去找能见到」的含义。 Tier 2 is called "Occasional" (能见, "findable") rather than "Uncommon-lite" to avoid semantic overlap with Tier 3 "Uncommon" (少见) in Chinese.

6.3

详情面板 Detail Panel

在结果浏览器（第 07 章）中点击一张照片，右侧详情面板会显示该张照片的完整识别与评分信息。罕见度和 IUCN 等级紧贴鸟种名称下方展示： Clicking a photo in the Result Browser (Chapter 07) opens the detail panel on the right. Rarity and IUCN status appear directly below the species name:

鸟种 Species 白腹海雕 / White-bellied Sea Eagle
全球罕见度 Global Rarity 罕见 / Rare   (62.4)
IUCN 等级 IUCN LC   无危 · Least Concern

括号内的数值是 0–100 的原始分数，圆形图标和颜色对应 5 级分级（见 6.2）。IUCN 等级的含义详见 6.5。 The number in brackets is the raw 0–100 score; the glyph and color correspond to the 5-tier system (see Section 6.2). IUCN category meanings are explained in Section 6.5.

罕见度分数同时写入每张照片的 EXIF 元数据（XMP-iptcExt:Event 字段），导入 Lightroom 后可作为智能相册筛选条件，例如筛选所有罕见度 ≥ 50 的照片（详见第 05 章 5.5）。 The rarity score is also written to each photo's EXIF metadata (XMP-iptcExt:Event field), making it available as a Smart Collection filter in Lightroom — for example, to find all photos with rarity ≥ 50 (see Chapter 05, Section 5.5).

6.4

按罕见度排序 Sort by Rarity

在识鸟面板的鸟种搜索列表中，每个鸟种名称右侧都显示对应的罕见度图标（○◔◑◕●），让你一眼看出本次处理批次里识别出的各鸟种的相对难度排序。 In the Bird ID panel's species search list, every species entry shows its rarity glyph (○◔◑◕●) on the right side, letting you see at a glance how the species in your current batch rank by rarity.

识鸟面板的完整操作说明见第 08 章。 Full Bird ID panel documentation is in Chapter 08.

6.5

GBIF 指数 vs IUCN 保护等级 GBIF Rarity vs IUCN Conservation Status

这两个指标衡量的是完全不同的维度，不可混淆，也经常不一致： These two indicators measure entirely different things and frequently diverge:

GBIF 罕见度GBIF Rarity IUCN 保护等级IUCN Status
衡量的是 Measures 摄影师遇到该鸟的全球频率 How often photographers encounter the species globally 该鸟种的种群健康与灭绝风险 The species' population health and extinction risk
数据来源 Data source GBIF 全球观察记录频率 GBIF global observation frequency 国际自然保护联盟物种评估 IUCN Red List species assessments
高分 / 高等级含义 High value means 记录极少，很难拍到 Very few records, hard to photograph 濒临灭绝的风险高 High risk of extinction

IUCN 等级对照表： IUCN category reference:

缩写Code 中文Chinese EnglishEnglish
LC 无危无危 (No Danger) Least Concern
NT 近危近危 (Near Danger) Near Threatened
VU 易危易危 (Vulnerable) Vulnerable
EN 濒危濒危 (Endangered) Endangered
CR 极危极危 (Critical) Critically Endangered
EW 野外灭绝野外灭绝 Extinct in the Wild
EX 灭绝灭绝 (Extinct) Extinct
DD 数据不足数据不足 Data Deficient
两个指标经常「分道扬镳」 The two metrics often diverge

GBIF 传奇 + IUCN LC（无危）：种群健康，但生性极隐蔽或分布极局地——典型如深山热带特有鸟，野外极难发现，但种群并未受威胁。 GBIF Legendary + IUCN LC: Healthy population but extremely secretive or tightly localised — e.g. deep-forest endemics that are nearly impossible to find yet face no population threat.

GBIF 常见 + IUCN EN（濒危）：历史上数量多、观察记录积累庞大，但近年种群正在急剧下降——部分水鸟和涉禽是典型例子，仍然常见但已岌岌可危。 GBIF Common + IUCN EN: Large historical record count but population declining sharply in recent years — many waders and waterbirds fall here, still common in the data but increasingly at risk.

拍到一张 GBIF 传奇 + IUCN 极危 的照片，双重稀有往往意味着极为珍贵的记录。 A photo showing a GBIF Legendary + IUCN CR species is doubly rare — a genuinely precious photographic record.